Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito da suplementação lipídica na terminação de tourinhos Red Norte sobre as características qualitativas da carne. Foram utilizados 27 tourinhos com peso corporal inicial médio de 317 ± 33kg, submetidos as seguintes dietas: sem suplementação lipídica (SSL); suplementados com óleo de soja (SOS) e suplementados com óleo de fritura (SOF). A duração do experimento foi de 112 dias, sendo 28 dias de adaptação e 84 dias experimentais. Os animais receberam dieta "ad libitum", para ganho médio diário de 1,5kg e foram abatidos em frigorífico industrial. A composição centesimal e o colesterol da carne, e da gordura subcutânea não foram influenciadas pelos tratamentos (P>0,05). Houve interação (P<0,01) entre tratamento e dias para força de cisalhamento (FC) enquanto que para as características de capacidade de retenção de água (CRA), perda por cozimento (PPC) e pH houve apenas efeito de tratamento (P<0,01). Para as características de cor, houve interação entre tratamento e dia para a intensidade de amarelo (b*), índice de saturação (c*) e ângulo de tonalidade (h*) (P<0,5), enquanto que para intensidade de vermelho (a*) houve efeito de tratamento (P<0,001) e dias (P<0,001) e para luminosidade (L*) houve efeito apenas de tratamento (P<0,001). A suplementação lipídica não influenciou a composição centesimal da carne e o seu teor de colesterol. O óleo de soja influenciou a cor da carne, sem comprometer sua qualidade. Já o óleo de fritura apresentou uma carne com elevado pH, o que é indesejável para o consumo humano.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the lipid supplementation on finishing of Red Norte young bulls in the meat qualitative characteristics. Twenty seven young bulls with at initial average weight of 317± 33kg were used, according with the diets: no lipid supplementation (SSL), supplemented with soybeans oil (SOS) and supplemented with fry oil (SOF). The experiment lasted 112 days, being 28 days was for adaptation to experimental diets. The animals received "ad libitum" diets to average daily gain of 1,5kg and were slaughtered in industrial slaughterhouse. The chemical composition and the cholesterol of the meat and the subcutaneous fat were not influenced by treatments (P>0,05). There was interaction (P<0,01) between treatments and share force (FC) whereas for water holding capacity (CRA), cooking losses (PPC) and pH there was only treatment effect (P<0,01). To characteristics of color, there was interaction between treatment and day to yellow intensity (b*), saturation index (c*) and tone angle (h*) (P>0,05), whereas for red intensity (a*) there was effect of treatment (P<0,001) and days (P<0,001) and to luminosity (L*) there was effect only to treatment (P<0,001). The lipid supplementation was not influenced the chemical composition of the meat and its cholesterol content. The soybeans oil influenced the meat color, without compromising its quality. However, the fry oil showed meat with high pH, which is undesirable for human consumption.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar as características de carcaça e cortes comerciais de tourinhos Red Norte suplementados com óleos de fritura e de soja terminados em confinamento. Utilizaram-se 27 animais Red Norte com peso corporal inicial médio de 317 ± 33kg. Os animais receberam ração ad libitum com relação volumoso:concentrado 40:60, sendo: dieta controle; suplementados com óleo de soja e suplementados com óleo de fritura, durante 112 dias, sendo 28 dias de adaptação, e abatidos com 481,0; 488,7 e 462,6kg para os tratamentos controle, suplementados com óleo de soja e óleo de fritura respectivamente. A espessura de gordura subcutânea (EGS) e a área de olho de lombo (AOL) foram medidas entre a 12ª e 13ª costelas. A suplementação com fontes lipídicas não influenciaram o peso final, peso de carcaça quente, peso de carcaça fria, AOL, EGS, perdas por resfriamento, pesos e rendimentos dos cortes dianteiro, traseiro especial e ponta de agulha. Entretanto o rendimento de carcaça foi menor para animais suplementados com óleo de soja. O pH final foi maior (P<0,01) para as carcaças dos animais suplementados com óleo de fritura, e a temperatura final (P<0,02), foi maior para os animais com suplementação lipídica em relação aos animais sem suplementação. A suplementação lipídica utilizada para tourinhos em confinamento não influenciou as características de carcaça. Entretanto, animais suplementados com óleo de fritura apresentaram carne DFD, enquanto os animais suplementados com óleo de soja apresentaram menor rendimento de carcaça.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristic of carcass and commercial meat cuts from Red Norte young bulls finished in feedlot supplemented with fry and soybeans oil. Twenty seven Red Norte animals at initial average weight of 317 ± 33kg were used. The animals received ad libitum feed with concentrate:roughage ratio of 40:60, being: control diet; supplementation with soybeans oil and supplementation with fry oil, during 112 days, from which 28 days were for adaptation, and slaughtered with 481,0; 488,7 e 462,6kg to treatments control, supplemented with soybeans oil and with fry oil respectively. The subcutaneous fat thickness (FT) and longissimus muscle area (LMA) were measured between the 12th e 13th ribs. The supplementation with lipids sources did not influence the final weight, hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, LMA, FT, losses by cooling, weight and yield of the forequarter, hindquarter and spare ribs cuts. However the carcass dressing was lower to animals supplemented with soybeans oil. The final pH was higher (P<0,01) to carcasses of the animals supplemented with fry oil, and the final temperature (P<0,02) was higher to animals supplemented with lipids than to animals without supplementation. The lipid supplementation used to young bulls in feedlot did not influence the carcass characteristics. However, animals supplemented with fry oil presented DFD meat, whereas animals supplemented with soybeans oil had lower dressing carcass.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of reducing the crude protein (CP) with the use of amino acids in diets with the same amount of calories anddifferent levels of soybean oil (SO) for finishing pigs kept in two different ambient temperatures. A total of 120 barrows (initial weight of 68.0±1.9 kg) were utilized for the experiment. The design was of randomized blocks in a 2 × 3 × 2 factorial arrangement (two levels of CP, 16.2 and 13.7%; three levels of SO, 1.5; 3.0 and 4.5%; and two ambient temperatures, 19 and 31 ºC), totaling twelve treatments with five replicates for thirty days. The heat reduced feed intake (FI) of the animals, regardless of the levels of CP and SO used, and reduced weight gain (WG) in diets with reduced CP and SO or higher SO. The increased level of CP and SO improved feed conversion (FC) when the animals were kept in thermoneutral environment and given a diet with higher protein content. The reduction in CP increased FI only in the thermoneutral environment. In the heat, WG increased in diets with higher levels of SO, without influencing FC. The manipulation of diet and temperature did not affect most carcass traits. The SO reduced backfat thickness (BT) only in diets with high CP and animals kept in thermoneutral environment. The reduction of CP increased the BT only in diets with high content of SO, both in hot and thermoneutral environments. Heat reduces FI and the inclusion of SO does not improve performance or carcass characteristics in these conditions. The reduction in CP improves WG only in diets with high oil content; however, it increases BT. In thermoneutral environment, increasing the SO is beneficial for performance and carcass characteristics, except when diets with reduced CP are used. The reduction in CP improves performance only in diets with low oil content.

Foram confinados 24 bezerros mestiços holandeses machos não-castrados com peso médio inicial de 75 kg e final de 215 kg, com o objetivo de avaliar consumo, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar, rendimento de carcaça e dos cortes básicos e composição física da carcaça. Os animais foram alimentados com capim-elefante de 30 a 45 dias de idade, concentrado à base de farelo de soja, fubá de milho, farinha de carne e mistura mineral e cama de frango, constituindo-se os tratamentos: 1 = 50% volumoso e 50% concentrado, 2 = 50% volumoso, 35% de concentrado e 15% de cama de frango, 3 = 25% de volumoso e 75% concentrado e 4 = 25% de volumoso, 52,5% de concentrado e 22,5% de cama de frango, na base da matéria seca. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualisados, com seis blocos e quatro tratamentos. Não houve efeito de tratamento para consumo de matéria seca (CMS), em kg/dia. O consumo de fibra em detergente neutro (CFDN) foi menor para o tratamento 3 e o consumo de proteína bruta (CPB) maior para o tratamento 4. As conversões alimentares de MS, PB e FDN foram melhores, o ganho de peso médio diário (GMD) e o peso de carcaça quente e fria dos animais do tratamento 3 (75% de concentrado) foram superiores aos dos demais tratamentos. A proporção de cama de frango de 22,5% na matéria seca da ração total diminuiu o GMD em ração contendo 75% de concentrado, mas não foi observado o mesmo comportamento para a proporção de 15%. Os rendimentos de carcaça quente e fria, os rendimentos de acém, ponta de agulha, alcatra, coxão, dianteiro, traseiro especial e traseiro total, o comprimento de carcaça, a área de olho de lombo, a composição física de carcaça e a relação músculo/osso não foram influenciados pelos tratamentos. Os animais do tratamento 3 apresentaram maior espessura de gordura e, conseqüentemente, o menor valor absoluto de quebra no rendimento de carcaça pelo resfriamento.

Twenty-four Holstein crossbred young bulls, with initial average weight of 75 kg and final average weight of 215 kg, under feedlot, were used to to evaluate the intake, average weight gain, feed:gain ratio, carcass and basic cuts yield and physical carcass composition. The animals were fed elephant grass with 30 to 45 days of age, soybean meal, corn meal, meat meal and mineral mix basal concentrate, and broiler litter, that constituted the treatments: 1 = 50% forage and 50% concentrate, 2 = 50% forage, 35% concentrate and 15% broiler litter, 3 = 25% forage and 75% concentrate and 4 = 25% forage, 52.5% concentrate and 22.5% broiler litter, as dry matter basis. A completely randomized blocks experimental design, with six blocks and four treatments, was used. There was no effect of treatment for dry matter intake (DMI) in kg/day. The neutral detergent fiber intake (NDFI) was smaller for treatment 3 and crude protein intake (CPI) was larger for treatment 4. The DM, CP and NDF feed:gain ratios were better, the average daily weight gain (ADWG) and the hot and cold carcass weights of the animals of the treatment 3 (75% concentrate) were higher than the other treatments. The 22.5% broiler litter proportion of total dry matter decreased the ADWG in the diet with 75% concentrate, but it was not observed the same behavior to the 15% proportion. The hot and cold carcass dressing percentages, the acem, needle point, spare ribs, round, front, special back and total back yields, the carcass length, the loin eye area, the carcass physical composition and the muscle/bone relationship were not affected by the treatments. The animals of treatment 3 had the largest fat thickness and, consequently, the smallest break in cold carcass dressing percentage absolute value.

Foram confinados 24 bezerros mestiços Holandês x Zebu, machos não-castrados, com peso médio inicial de 75 kg e final de 215 kg, com o objetivo de avaliar o custo de produção. Os animais foram alimentados com capim-elefante de 30 a 45 dias de idade, concentrado à base de farelo de soja, fubá de milho, farinha de carne, mistura mineral e cama de frango, sendo constituídos os tratamentos: 1 = 50% volumoso e 50% concentrado; 2 = 50% volumoso, 35% de concentrado e 15% de cama de frango; 3 = 25% de volumoso e 75% concentrado; e 4 = 25% de volumoso, 52,5% de concentrado e 22,5% de cama de frango, na base da matéria seca. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualisados, com seis repetições. A análise da renda bruta, dos custos e do lucro indicou que o lucro foi negativo em todos os tratamentos, quando o preço de venda da carne produzida foi igual ao preço do boi gordo. Entretanto, quando foram mantidos os mesmos custos (custo operacional efetivo e custo operacional total) e elevado em 10% o preço de venda do quilo de carne produzida, em relação ao preço do quilo de carne de boi gordo, todos os tratamentos apresentaram lucro, sendo destacados os tratamentos 2 e 3, com R$ 0,042 e R$ 0,03 por quilo de carne produzida e retorno sobre capital investido de 14,20 e 14,64%/ano, respectivamente. A variação no preço do concentrado, de R$ 0,26 a 0,20/kg, causou maior impacto no custo operacional efetivo do tratamento 3 e menor no tratamento 2, proporcionando lucro e retorno sobre capital o investido para todos os tratamentos, a partir da relação 7,62:1 entre preço do concentrado x preço da carne. As simulações mostraram que o tratamento 2 foi economicamente mais vantajoso, visto que gerou melhor relação custo/benefício para as condições do presente trabalho.

Twenty-four Holstein crossbred young bulls, with 75 kg initial average weight and 215 kg final average weight, were confined in a feedlot. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the production cost. The animals were fed elephant grass with 30 to 45 days of age, soybean meal, corn meal, meat meal and mineral mix basal concentrate, and broiler litter, which constituted the treatments: 1 = 50% forage and 50% concentrate, 2 = 50% forage, 35% concentrate and 15% broiler litter, 3 = 25% forage and 75% concentrate and 4 = 25% forage, 52.5% concentrate and 22.5% broiler litter, as dry matter basis. It was used the completely randomized blocks experimental design, with six blocks and four treatments. The gross income, costs and profit analysis indicated that the profit was negative in all treatments when the produced meat sale price was the same as the fat ox price. However, when the same costs were maintained (effective operational cost and total operational cost) and the kilo of produced meat sale price rose 10%, relative to the fat ox kilo of meat price, all the treatments presented profit, distinguishing the treatments 2 and 3, with R$ 0.042 and R$ 0.03 per kilo of produced meat and return on the invested capital of 14.20 and 14.64%/year, respectively. The concentrate price variation, from 0.26 to 0.20 R$/kg, caused larger impact in the effective operational cost of treatment 3 and smaller in treatment 2, providing profit and return on the invested capital for all treatments, based on the 7.62:1 relationship between concentrate price x meat price. The simulations showed that treatment 2 was economically more advantageous because it produced a better cost/benefit relationship in the conditions of the present work.